Bone Marrow Biopsy

Your doctor has advised you that you need to have a sample of your bone marrow taken. This is called a bone marrow biopsy.

What is a bone marrow biopsy?

Bone marrow is a spongy material that fills the bones and produces cells which develop into blood cells. The bone marrow sample is taken from the back of your hip bone.

Do I need to do anything to prepare for this test?

No. You can eat and drink as normal.  You do not need to bring anything with you for the test itself.  As with any test, you may be feeling anxious, so you are welcome to bring someone with you.

Does it hurt?

This test is not completely pain free.  The local anaesthetic injection will numb the area that surrounds the bone but cannot numb the bone itself. Although you may have some pain, this is for a very short time. 

You may have some aching for a few days after in the area where the sample is taken. You can take mild painkillers such as paracetamol tablets to help relieve this.  You should always follow the instructions provided in the leaflet supplied with your tablets.

How long does the biopsy take?

It takes less than 30 minutes for most patients.

What are the risks and possible complications?

A bone marrow biopsy has very few risks. Very rarely we may need to take a sample from another place, if so, this will be discussed with you.

Possible risks and complications include:

• bleeding.  A dressing will be placed over your wound

• bruising.  This is normal and should only last a few days

• infection at the site of the biopsy. If you notice any swelling or redness you should contact the Haematology Day Unit for advice.

What are the benefits of this test?

This is a very safe and quick test that can help us find out exactly what the problem is with your blood and plan the best treatment for you.  

Is there any alternative to a bone marrow biopsy?

No. This test is needed to diagnose or rule out a problem with your bone marrow.  Many patients who have a blood problem will need to have a bone marrow test at some time.  This may be to help with the diagnosis or to see how the disease is responding to treatment.  If you decide you do not want this test you will be referred back to your consultant.

What will happen before the prcoedure?

You will be seen by one of the doctors or nurses, who will tell you the time of your procedure and answer any questions you may have. 

Before your procedure one of the doctors or nurses will again explain the reasons for your procedure, the procedure itself, and the precautions we take to avoid any risks or complications.  When you fully understand the procedure you will be asked to sign a consent form, if you have not already done so.

You will be asked to lie on your side. You will not be asked to remove your clothing but you will need to expose the area by lowering your underwear. The area where the sample is taken will be cleaned with an antiseptic before you are given an injection of local anaesthetic to numb the area. 

What will happen during the procedure?

Once the anaesthetic has started to work, another needle is passed into your bone marrow.  You will feel the doctor or nurse pushing and you may feel the needle which may cause you to jump; this is normal. 

In most cases, no more than a few drops of liquid are taken, although sometimes more is required for additional tests.  Some people feel a stinging sensation and have some discomfort or pain but this lasts only for a few seconds. 

The doctor or nurse usually takes a further sample of the bone using the same needle entry site as before, if needed, more anaesthetic can be used.  This takes a little longer than the first needle and once again can be painful but lasts only a few seconds.

What will happen after the procedure?

Your wound will be covered by a small dressing which can be removed later in the day or the next day. 

Following the test, you will be asked to rest for 10 to 15 minutes. You can then return to your normal activities.

Can I drive after the procedure?

Yes, although you may feel sore and prefer to arrange for someone to drive you home. 

When will I know the results?

You will usually be sent a follow-up appointment to see your consultant who will discuss your results with you.   

Contact numbers

University Hospital of North Tees

Haematology Day Unit

Telephone: 01642 383578

Opening hours: 8:00am to 7:00pm (Monday to Friday)

University Hospital of Hartlepool

Chemotherapy Day Unit

Telephone: 01429 522760

Opening hours: 9:00am to 5:00pm (Monday to Friday)

Further information is available from:

NHS Choices

Telephone: 111 (when it is less urgent than 999).

Calls to this number are free from landlines and mobile phones or via the website.

Comments, concerns, compliments or complaints

Patient Experience Team (PET)

We are continually trying to improve the services we provide. We want to know what we’re doing well or if there’s anything which we can improve, that’s why the Patient Experience Team (PET) is here to help. Our Patient Experience Team is here to try to resolve your concerns as quickly as possible. The office is based on the ground floor at the University Hospital of North Tees if you wish to discuss concerns in person. If you would like to contact or request a copy of our PET leaflet, please contact:

Telephone: 01642 624719

Freephone: 0800 092 0084

Opening hours: Monday to Friday, 9:30am to 4:00pm

Email: [email protected]

Out of hours

Out of hours if you wish to speak to a senior member of Trust staff, please contact the hospital switchboard who will bleep the appropriate person.

Telephone: 01642 617617

Data protection and use of patient information

The Trust has developed Data Protection policies in accordance with Data Protection Legislation (UK General Data Protection Regulations and Data Protection Act 2018) and the Freedom of Information Act 2000. All of our staff respect these policies and confidentiality is adhered to at all times. If you require further information on how we process your information please see our Privacy Notices.

Telephone: 01642 383551

Email: [email protected]

Leaflet feedback

This leaflet has been produced in partnership with patients and carers. All patient leaflets are regularly reviewed, and any suggestions you have as to how it may be improved are extremely valuable. Please write to the Clinical Governance team, North Tees and Hartlepool NHS Foundation Trust, University Hospital of North Tees, TS19 8PE or:

Email: [email protected]